BrainBuzz Academy

Why in the News?
Rosoboronexport, Russia’s state-owned defense export company, has proposed a partnership with India for the joint production of the Su-57, a fifth-generation fighter aircraft (FGFA). The offer was made during Aero India 2025, where the United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), the manufacturer of the Su-57, highlighted the potential localization of production at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) as early as 2025.
Russia’s Proposal for Joint Production
During Aero India 2025, Rosoboronexport representatives announced their willingness to collaborate with India in manufacturing the Su-57 FGFA. The proposed plan involves localizing production at HAL’s facilities, allowing India to manufacture critical technologies and components domestically. This initiative aligns with India's focus on strengthening indigenous defense capabilities under the 'Make in India' initiative.
Technology Transfer and Strategic Benefits
The proposed collaboration includes the transfer of key fifth-generation technologies to India.
 These encompass:
Advanced engine systems
Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) radars
Optical systems and AI-driven avionics
Cutting-edge software communication systems
State-of-the-art air weaponry
This initiative could also significantly contribute to India’s Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program by integrating these advanced technologies into indigenous fighter aircraft development.
No Risk of Sanctions
Addressing concerns about geopolitical challenges, the Rosoboronexport representative reassured that India would not face sanctions-related risks for manufacturing Su-57 components. Unlike Western defense deals, where political dynamics can impact component deliveries, Russia’s proposal ensures an uninterrupted supply chain and long-term security cooperation.
Strengthening a 60-Year Defense Partnership
Russia emphasized its longstanding defense collaboration with India, spanning over six decades. The joint production of the Su-57 is viewed as an extension of this relationship, reinforcing India’s air defense capabilities and modernizing its fighter fleet. Additionally, the partnership may open avenues for future upgrades and enhancements in aircraft capabilities.
Conclusion: A Step Towards Self-Reliance in Defense
The Russian proposal offers India an opportunity to enhance its fighter aircraft production capabilities while strengthening bilateral defense cooperation. If finalized, the joint production of the Su-57 could play a crucial role in modernizing the Indian Air Force while advancing India's indigenous defense manufacturing ecosystem. The decision now rests on strategic negotiations between the two nations, with potential developments expected in the coming months.

Why in the News?
Bangladesh has launched a large-scale security operation, ‘Operation Devil Hunt’, targeting loyalists of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. This move follows attacks on protesters by alleged pro-Hasina gangs. The interim government, led by Muhammad Yunus, aims to restore law and order and uphold democratic principles.
Background of the Crackdown
Protests and Attacks
Groups allegedly loyal to Sheikh Hasina attacked student protesters, leaving many injured.
Violence erupted after reports suggested Hasina was planning a virtual address from exile in India.
Government Response
The interim government, under Jahangir Alam Chowdhury, launched ‘Operation Devil Hunt’ to suppress pro-Hasina forces.
Chowdhury declared that the crackdown would continue until “the devils are uprooted.”
Political Turmoil and Public Unrest
Hasina’s Exile & Controvers
Protests intensified following reports of Hasina’s planned virtual address from exile.
Demonstrators destroyed buildings linked to Hasina’s family, including the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum, using excavators.
Interim Government’s Call for Calm
Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus, the interim leader, urged citizens to remain peaceful and uphold democratic values.
India-Bangladesh Diplomatic Tensions
India’s Reaction
The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) condemned the demolition of the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum, calling it an attack on Bangladesh’s national identity.
India has urged Bangladesh to take measures to protect historical landmarks.
Bangladesh’s Response
The Bangladeshi Foreign Ministry rejected India's criticism, calling it “unexpected and unwarranted.”
Bangladesh asserted that it does not interfere in India’s internal affairs and expects the same in return.
Key Facts About Bangladesh
Capital: Dhaka
Government: Unitary parliamentary republic under an interim government
President: Mohammed Shahabuddin
Chief Adviser: Muhammad Yunus
Chief Justice: Syed Refaat Ahmed
Currency: Taka (৳) (BDT)
Border with India: 4,096 km, known as the Radcliffe Line (5th longest land border in the world).
The border runs through West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram.
Conclusion: What’s Next?
‘Operation Devil Hunt’ marks a significant shift in Bangladesh’s political landscape, as the interim government seeks to dismantle Hasina’s loyalist network and ensure stability. However, the crackdown has sparked domestic unrest and strained India-Bangladesh diplomatic relations. The coming weeks will be crucial in determining whether Bangladesh can successfully navigate this turbulent period without escalating internal and regional tensions.

Why in the News?
In a historic move, US President Donald Trump has officially recognized February 9 as ‘Gulf of America Day’ following the renaming of the Gulf of Mexico. The decision was solidified through an executive order signed on January 20, directing the Department of the Interior to implement the change. The proclamation was formally signed aboard Air Force One en route to the Super Bowl in New Orleans, emphasizing its significance.
The Renaming of the Gulf of Mexico
On January 20, during his inauguration, President Trump signed an executive order instructing the Department of the Interior to begin the process of renaming the Gulf of Mexico to the Gulf of America. The order provided a 30-day implementation period, with the aim of reinforcing American sovereignty and national pride.
Proclamation Signed on Air Force One
During his flight over the Gulf of Mexico, President Trump signed the official proclamation, marking the first formal usage of the name Gulf of America. He stated, “We are flying right over it right now. So we thought this would be appropriate.” His remarks highlighted his administration’s commitment to celebrating national landmarks.
US Coast Guard's Adoption of the Name
The US Coast Guard became the first government agency to officially adopt the term Gulf of America. Following the executive order, the agency incorporated the new name into its official operations and communications, setting a precedent for broader federal adoption.
International Reactions
Supporters: Argue that the renaming reinforces US sovereignty and cultural identity.
Critics: Express concerns over geopolitical implications, arguing that the renaming disregards the historical and international identity of the Gulf.
Mexico and Central America: Countries sharing the Gulf have voiced concerns over US dominance, questioning the diplomatic impact of the renaming.
Cultural and Economic Significance of the Gulf
The Gulf of America plays a crucial role in:
Shipping and Trade: A vital corridor for global commerce.
Oil and Gas Industry: A key hub for US energy production.
Fishing Industry: Home to one of the world’s richest fishing ecosystems.
Conclusion: The Future of ‘Gulf of America’
While the renaming has ignited national and international debate, its long-term impact remains uncertain. The term Gulf of America may take time to gain global acceptance, but the Trump administration's push for nationalistic branding ensures it will remain a subject of discussion. The next steps will determine whether government agencies, businesses, and international entities adopt the new designation in practice.

Why in the News?
The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) has confirmed that Meghalaya will host the 39th National Games in February/March 2027. The announcement was conveyed by IOA President PT Usha to Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad Sangma, marking a significant milestone for the northeastern state. Meghalaya will officially receive the IOA flag during the closing ceremony of the 38th National Games in Uttarakhand.
Official Announcement & Handover Ceremony
Meghalaya has been officially designated as the host of the 39th National Games in 2027 by the IOA.
The state will receive the IOA flag during the closing ceremony of the 38th National Games in Haldwani, Uttarakhand.
In a letter to CM Conrad Sangma, IOA President PT Usha confirmed the decision and invited him to attend the closing event.
Meghalaya’s Reaction
CM Conrad Sangma expressed excitement and termed the opportunity a “huge honor”.
He shared his enthusiasm and commitment towards hosting the event on social media platform ‘X’ (formerly Twitter).
Significance of the Games
The National Games are one of India’s largest multi-sport events.
The 38th National Games in Uttarakhand saw participation from around 10,000 athletes and officials.
Meghalaya hosting the 2027 edition signifies a major achievement for the northeastern state and highlights India's commitment to decentralizing sporting events.
Previous & Upcoming Hosts
39th Edition (2027): Meghalaya (Upcoming)
38th Edition (2024): Uttarakhand (Held in seven cities, main venue: Dehradun)
37th Edition (2023): Goa (Held in five cities)
36th Edition (2022): Gujarat
35th Edition (2015): Kerala
Growing Momentum of National Games
With Meghalaya hosting the 2027 edition, it marks a continued revival of the event after past delays.
Four National Games will have been conducted within a five-year span, demonstrating renewed focus on promoting sports across different Indian states.
Conclusion
The decision to award Meghalaya the 39th National Games is a landmark event, bringing national sporting attention to the Northeast. It provides the state an opportunity to develop sports infrastructure, boost tourism, and promote local talent on a grand stage. The upcoming years will be crucial in ensuring a successful execution of the event, setting a new benchmark for sporting excellence in the region.