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President Droupadi Murmu has recently appointed new governors for five Indian states, resulting in significant administrative changes. The key appointments are as follows:
Arif Mohammed Khan: Previously serving as the Governor of Kerala, Khan has been reassigned to Bihar.
Ajay Kumar Bhalla: A seasoned administrator and former Union Home Secretary, Bhalla has been appointed as the Governor of Manipur, succeeding Anusuiya Uikey.
Dr. Hari Babu Kambhampati: Formerly the Governor of Mizoram, Kambhampati has been appointed as the Governor of Odisha.
General Vijay Kumar Singh: The retired Army General has been appointed as the Governor of Mizoram.
Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar: Arlekar has been appointed as the Governor of Kerala.
These appointments reflect the President's strategic decisions to bring experienced leadership to these states, aiming to enhance governance and address regional challenges effectively.
About State Governor:
The Governor of a state in India is a constitutional authority appointed under Article 153 of the Indian Constitution. The Governor acts as the constitutional head of the state, representing the President of India and ensuring that the state government operates within the framework of the Constitution.
Constitutional Provisions Regarding Governors
1. Appointment and Term (Articles 153-157):
Article 153: Mandates the office of Governor in every state.
A single person can serve as the Governor for multiple states.
Article 154: Vests the executive power of the state in the Governor.
Article 155: The Governor is appointed by the President of India.
Article 156:
The Governor holds office for a term of five years but serves at the pleasure of the President.
The President can remove the Governor or extend the term at their discretion.
Article 157 & 158:
The Governor must be a citizen of India, at least 35 years of age, and must not hold any office of profit.
2. Executive Powers (Article 162):
The Governor is the executive head of the state, with all executive actions carried out in their name.
Key Powers:
Appointment of the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers.
Appointing the Advocate General and members of the State Public Service Commission.
Supervising state administration and ensuring constitutional compliance.
3. Legislative Powers (Articles 163-164, 168, 213):
Article 163: The Governor acts on the advice of the Council of Ministers, except in discretionary matters.
Article 164:
Appoints the Chief Minister and other Ministers.
Ensures the Ministers hold office at the Governor's pleasure.
Article 168: The Governor is part of the state legislature.
Article 200:
The Governor can give assent, withhold assent, or reserve bills for the President’s consideration.
Article 213: Allows the Governor to promulgate ordinances when the state legislature is not in session.
4. Judicial Powers (Article 161):
Article 161: The Governor has the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment for offenses under state law.
5. Financial Powers (Article 202):
Ensures that the Annual Financial Statement (state budget) is laid before the legislature.
No money bill can be introduced in the state legislature without the Governor’s recommendation.
6. Discretionary Powers:
Inviting a party to form the government in case of a hung assembly.
Sending a report to the President under Article 356, recommending President’s Rule if the state government fails to function as per the Constitution.
Reserving bills for the consideration of the President.
Role and Responsibilities:
Guardian of the Constitution: Ensures the state government adheres to constitutional principles.
Mediator: Acts as a bridge between the State and Central Governments.
Crisis Manager: Plays a crucial role during political crises, such as coalition government formation or constitutional breakdown.
Challenges and Criticisms:
Allegations of Central Influence: Governors are often accused of being biased towards the central government.
Discretionary Powers Misuse: Recommendations for President’s Rule and inviting parties to form a government have occasionally led to controversies.
Lack of Accountability: Since Governors are not elected, their actions can sometimes face public or political scrutiny.
Significance in Federal Structure:
Governors uphold the federal structure by maintaining the balance between the Union and the states.
They act as a check on the arbitrary actions of the state government while protecting the state’s autonomy within the constitutional framework.
The Governor’s office remains pivotal in India’s federal polity, ensuring that governance is carried out as per the Constitution.