ISRO Successfully Launches SpaDeX Mission: India Set to Achieve Space Docking Milestone + Banking_SBI_Clerk?.ToString()?? Banking_SBI_Clerk?.ToString()+" Current Affairs";

Why in News?
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment) mission on December 30, 2024, marking a significant step in India's space exploration. The PSLV-C60 rocket successfully placed two satellites into orbit, setting the stage for India’s first in-space docking demonstration.
What is Space Docking, and Why is it Important?
Space docking involves the connection of two spacecraft in orbit to transfer resources, crew, or components. It is crucial for future space missions requiring:
Building and operating modular space stations like the Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).
Sample-return missions, such as Chandrayaan-4, where lunar samples will dock with a re-entry module in Earth’s orbit.
Human spaceflight and advanced scientific research.
Key Highlights of the SpaDeX Mission
Satellites and Orbit:
Two satellites, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), were placed in a 475-km circular orbit.
These satellites will demonstrate docking and undocking capabilities.
Docking Procedure:
A 20 km distance between the satellites will be reduced incrementally through precise maneuvers, progressing to a final docking.
The satellites will transfer electrical power during docking and later undock to operate independently for two years.
Technology Demonstration:
The Chaser satellite features a high-resolution camera for visual tracking.
The Target satellite carries a multispectral payload for monitoring natural resources and a radiation monitor for space radiation studies.
POEM Experiment Module:
The fourth stage of the PSLV-C60 launch vehicle will be repurposed as the PS4 Orbital Experiment Module (POEM).
Experiments include robotic arms for debris capture, satellite servicing, and biological studies like plant growth and gut bacteria behavior in space.
Significance of Space Docking for India:
Joining Elite League:
With this mission, India could become the fourth country to achieve in-space docking, after Russia (USSR), the US, and China.
Building Modular Space Stations:
The Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS), planned for 2028, will consist of five modules docked in space.
Future Missions:
Chandrayaan-4 and potential human lunar exploration require docking for transferring samples and payloads.
Enhanced Capabilities:
Enables ISRO to launch heavier payloads by assembling modules in orbit, reducing launch vehicle constraints.
Key Terms
PS4 Orbital Experiment Module (POEM): The final stage of the launch vehicle, repurposed for experiments.
Multispectral Payload: Captures data across different wavelengths to study Earth’s natural resources.
Docking Capability: The ability to connect spacecraft in orbit, critical for modular space construction.
Way Forward for ISRO:
Leverage the success of SpaDeX for advancing docking technology and ensuring readiness for complex missions like Chandrayaan-4 and BAS.
Foster collaboration with global space agencies and private players to enhance capabilities.
Invest in next-generation technologies, including autonomous navigation, robotic arms, and in-orbit manufacturing.
Quick Revision:

Summary/Static	Details
Why in the news?	ISRO launched SpaDeX: India's first space docking demonstration mission.
Launch Date	December 30, 2024
Mission Name	SpaDeX (Space Docking Experiment)
Satellites Involved	SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target)
Primary Goal	To demonstrate India's capability in space docking technology.
Orbit Details	475 km circular orbit
Docking Timeline	Final docking maneuver planned 7-8 days post-launch.
Significance	Makes India the fourth country to achieve space docking capability (after Russia, USA, and China).
Future Applications	Bharatiya Antariksh Station, Chandrayaan-4 sample return missions, and modular spacecraft.

Useful information for all competitive exams:
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO):
Formed: 15 August 1969
Preceding agency: INCOSPAR (1962–1969)
Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka
Chairman: S. Somanath (10th Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation)
Primary spaceports: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station, Kulasekarapattinam Spaceport

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) in Competitive Exams:
1. Which of the following best describes the primary objective of ISRO's SpaDeX mission?
A. Launching communication satellites into geostationary orbit.
B. Demonstrating space docking capability.
C. Conducting manned space missions.
D. Developing a reusable launch vehicle.
Answer: B
2. Which of the following countries have achieved space docking technology before India?
Russia (USSR)
United States
China
Japan
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1, 2, and 3 only
C. 1, 2, 3, and 4
D. 2, 3, and 4 only
Answer: B
3. What is the role of the PS4 Orbital Experiment Module (POEM) in the SpaDeX mission?
A. To act as a launch vehicle for satellites.
B. To demonstrate technologies for debris capture and robotic satellite servicing.
C. To monitor Earth's natural resources using a multispectral payload.
D. To serve as a command center for the docking maneuver.
Answer: B
4. Why is space docking considered crucial for India's future missions?
It enables modular construction of space stations like Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
It facilitates sample-return missions like Chandrayaan-4.
It helps ISRO reduce launch costs by assembling heavy payloads in orbit.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2, and 3
Answer: D
5. What is the significance of the Chaser satellite in the SpaDeX mission?
A. It serves as the Target satellite for docking.
B. It is equipped with a high-resolution camera for visual tracking during docking maneuvers.
C. It monitors radiation levels in space.
D. It supports plant growth experiments in microgravity.
Answer: B
6. What are the names of the two satellites involved in ISRO's SpaDeX mission?
A. Chandrayaan-4 and NavIC-02
B. SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target)
C. RISAT-2B and Cartosat-3
D. GSAT-24 and PSLV-XL
Answer: B